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2.
Siglo cero (Madr.) ; 55(1)2024. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-231112

RESUMO

El facilitador es un profesional que posibilita el ejercicio del derecho de acceso a la justicia a las personas con discapacidad intelectual y del desarrollo, favoreciendo los principios de equidad, participación, accesibilidad y autodeterminación. En el presente estudio, se realiza una revisión bibliográfica para determinar la presencia de esta figura en el panorama internacional y su perfil formativo. En el derecho internacional, actualmente, podemos encontrarla en algunos países nórdicos, Reino Unido, Israel, Azerbaiyán, Taiwán, Sudáfrica, Kenia, Canadá, varios estados de EE. UU., México y Chile, así como en parte del territorio australiano y Nueva Zelanda. En España, la figura aparece en la última reforma de la legislación civil y procesal (Ley 8/2021, de 2 de junio). En su perfil formativo encontramos tanto la educación formal como no formal de estos profesionales. El perfil del facilitador habrá de ajustarse a las necesidades de las personas con discapacidad intelectual y del desarrollo y del contexto que requiera la facilitación. (AU)


Intermediaries are professionals who enable the effective right of access to justice for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities, ensuring principles of equity, participation, accessibility and self-determination for them. This paper analyzes the presence and formative background of this figure from an international comparative perspective. Nowadays, we can find these professionals in the international law across different countries: some Nordic countries, United Kingdom, Israel, Azerbaijan, Taiwan, South Africa, Kenya, Canada, part of the USA, Mexico and Chile, Australia and New Zealand. In Spain, intermediaries are considered in the latest reform of the civil and procedural legislation (Law 8/2021, June the 2nd). This paper analyzes the formative background of this figure from an international comparative perspective. We find both formal and non-formal education in the background of these professionals. There is no doubt their profile must adjust to the needs of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities and the contexts that require the facilitation. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Defesa das Pessoas com Deficiência/legislação & jurisprudência , Pessoas com Deficiência/legislação & jurisprudência , Discriminação Social , Estudos sobre Deficiências , Espanha , Direito Internacional
3.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-231113

RESUMO

La relación del trabajo social con la Administración de Justicia adquiere una nueva dimensión en el campo de la discapacidad. La Ley 8/2021, por la que se reforma la legislación civil y procesal para el apoyo a las personas con discapacidad en el ejercicio de su capacidad jurídica, reconoce la importancia de esta profesión y la sitúa junto a la profesión médica en cuánto a la información pericial y la intervención a realizar con personas con discapacidad. La cuestión de los apoyos para mejorar la capacidad jurídica es una variable fundamental para que la valoración sociofamiliar sea necesaria. La aportación de este estudio es descriptiva y propositiva, sitúa la ley en relación con la situación social y con la profesión del trabajo social. Posteriormente, detalla las disciplinas o especialidades del trabajo social que pueden participar en estos procedimientos judiciales, con ejemplos de relaciones previas entre la regulación de la discapacidad y el trabajo social. Finalmente, realiza una propuesta de trabajo, un inicio de protocolo de actuación entre disciplinas para buscar la colaboración en forma de mesa redonda que recoge la ley. (AU)


The relationship between social work and the administration of justice acquires a new dimension in the field of disability. Law 8/2021, which reforms civil and procedural legislation to support people with disabilities in the exercise of their legal capacity, recognizes the importance of this profession and places it on a par with the medical profession in terms of expert information and intervention to be carried out with people with disabilities. The question of support to improve legal capacity is a fundamental variable for the socio-family assessment to be necessary. The contribution of this study is descriptive and propositional; it places the law concerning the social situation and the profession of social work. Subsequently, it details the disciplines or specialties of social work that can participate in these judicial proceedings, with examples of previous relationships between the regulation of disability and social work. Finally, it makes a work proposal, a beginning of the protocol of action between disciplines to seek collaboration in the form of a round table that includes the law. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Defesa das Pessoas com Deficiência/legislação & jurisprudência , Pessoas com Deficiência/legislação & jurisprudência , Serviço Social/classificação , Serviço Social/legislação & jurisprudência , Discriminação Social , Estudos sobre Deficiências
4.
Siglo cero (Madr.) ; 55(1)2024. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-231114

RESUMO

Las sociedades actuales se ven abocadas a fortalecer los procesos de inclusión laboral de personas con discapacidad, dando respuesta a las necesidades de reconocimiento de la diversidad de conocimientos, habilidades y capacidades de la fuerza laboral, sumado a la responsabilidad social corporativa de las organizaciones. Esta investigación se centró en identificar los procesos de inclusión laboral que se llevan a cabo en las organizaciones en Armenia, Quindío. Bajo un abordaje metodológico cuantitativo en prospectiva, de tipo transversal descriptivo, se contó con una muestra de 243 trabajadores relacionados con el área de gestión humana de las organizaciones. El instrumento utilizado fue la escala de inclusión laboral de personas con discapacidad –Working Inclusion Disability People Scale-WINDIPS–, que se basa en las dimensiones de apoyo y vinculación, permanencia y progreso, las cuales se desarrollan a partir de diferentes prácticas inclusivas. La versión final consta de 12 ítems con opción de respuesta tipo Likert. Finalmente, se obtuvo una puntuación total donde el 24.7 % tenían bajas prácticas de inclusión, el 53.5 % un nivel medio y el 21.8 % un nivel alto. Se logró identificar que más de la mitad de las organizaciones participantes aún requieren trabajar en sus prácticas de inclusión laboral. (AU)


Today’s societies are committed to strengthen the processes of labor inclusion of people with disabilities, responding to the needs of recognition of the diversity of knowledge, skills and abilities of the workforce, in addition to the social responsibility of organizations. This research focused on identifying the labor inclusion processes implemented in the organizations of Armenia, Quindío. Under a quantitative methodological approach of instrumental type, a sample of 143 workers related to the human management area of the organizations. The instrument used was the Working Inclusion Disability People Scale –WINDIPS– based on the dimensions of presence, permanence and progress, which are developed from different inclusive practices. The final version of 13 items with a Likert-type response option. Finally, a total score was obtained in which 24.7 % had low inclusion practices, 53.5 % medium and 21.8 % a high level. It was identified that more than half of the participating organizations still need to improve their working inclusion practices. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Defesa das Pessoas com Deficiência/legislação & jurisprudência , Pessoas com Deficiência , Direitos Humanos , Discriminação Social , Estudos sobre Deficiências , Colômbia
5.
Siglo cero (Madr.) ; 55(1)2024. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-231115

RESUMO

La pandemia llevó a que se incrementaran las medidas de bioseguridad y se adoptara el confinamiento para evitar la propagación del virus, lo que repercutió en la calidad de vida de todas las personas, incluyendo a aquellas con discapacidad intelectual. El propósito de este estudio fue establecer cómo era la calidad de vida de las personas con discapacidad intelectual durante el confinamiento por la COVID-19, mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario en línea que fue completado por 78 familias de personas con discapacidad intelectual en Colombia. Los principales hallazgos dan cuenta de que al 91 % de las personas con discapacidad intelectual le explicaron sobre el confinamiento y el 79,5 % tuvo conocimiento acerca de las causas para dicho confinamiento; el 43.6 % presentó un nivel alto de participación en las actividades y rutinas familiares; el 80.8 % pudo elegir los espacios y tiempos para realizar sus actividades individuales; el 92.3 % tuvo acceso a los implementos y recursos necesarios para su vida diaria; el 71.8 % no experimentó cambios en los hábitos de alimentación; el 44.9 % reportó un estado regular de salud; el 64.1 % experimentó cambios en sus hábitos de sueño, y el 79.5 % no recibió apoyos gubernamentales. Las personas con discapacidad intelectual moderada tuvieron un mayor contacto con su familia extensa (52.50 %) y un 85.7 % de quienes presentaban discapacidad severa y profunda evidenciaron cambios en su estado de ánimo. En conclusión, las personas con discapacidad intelectual experimentaron una serie de adaptaciones en los entornos inmediatos, que tuvieron que llevar a cabo las familias y las instituciones, para minimizar el impacto del confinamiento en su calidad de vida. (AU)


The pandemic led to increased biosecurity measures and the adoption of confinement to prevent the spread of the virus, which impacted the quality of life of all people, including persons with intellectual disabilities. The purpose of this study was to establish what the quality of life of persons with intellectual disabilities was like during the confinement by COVID-19, through the application of an online questionnaire that was completed by 78 families of persons with intellectual disabilities in Colombia. The main findings show that 91 % of persons with intellectual disabilities explained about confinement and 79.5 % were aware of the causes for such confinement; 43.6 % presented a high level of participation in family activities and routines; 80.8 % were able to choose the spaces and times to carry out their individual activities; 92.3 % had access to the implements and resources necessary for their daily lives; 71.8 % experienced no changes in eating habits; 44.9 % reported a regular state of health; 64.1 % experienced changes in their sleep habits, and 79.5 % did not receive government support. Persons with moderate intellectual disability had greater contact with their extended family (52.50 %) and 85.7 % of those with severe and profound disability showed changes in their mood. In conclusion, persons with intellectual disabilities experienced several adaptations in the immediate environments, that families and institutions had to carry out, to minimize the impact of confinement on their quality of life. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Pessoas com Deficiência , Deficiência Intelectual , Quarentena , /epidemiologia , Estudos sobre Deficiências , Colômbia
6.
Siglo cero (Madr.) ; 55(1)2024. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-231116

RESUMO

Las políticas sociales buscan relevar a la familia de las personas con discapacidad y dependencia en su papel de cuidadores. Sin embargo, en numerosas ocasiones, estas familias no disponen de todos los recursos necesarios para afrontar estas situaciones de cuidado. El objetivo general del presente trabajo es conocer la percepción sobre los recursos de los que disponen los familiares de personas con discapacidad. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo mediante entrevista estructurada, no experimental ex post facto, de carácter descriptivo y de tipo transversal. La muestra total fueron 27 personas familiares de personas con discapacidad. Para el análisis de las respuestas se empleó el programa JASP y se realizó estadística descriptiva y correlacional. Los resultados indican que el recurso más reconocido y utilizado es el referido a las prestaciones económicas, así como la atención temprana y los colegios de educación especial. Las mujeres son mayoritarias en el cuidado de estas personas, señalando estas mujeres un gasto de energía, por lo que podría ser recomendable mejorar la eficiencia y la eficacia de los programas de respiro familiar. (AU)


Social policies seek to relieve the family of people with disabilities and dependency in their role as caregivers. However, on numerous occasions, these families do not have all the necessary resources to deal with these care situations. The general objective of this study is to find out the perception of the resources available to family members of people with disabilities in Spain. This is a qualitative study using a structured interview, non-experimental ex post facto, descriptive and cross-sectional in nature. The total sample consisted of 27 relatives of people with disabilities. The JASP programme was used to analyse the responses, and descriptive and correlational statistics were performed. The results indicate that the most recognized and used resource is the one referred to economic benefits, as well as early care and special education schools. Women are in the majority in the care of these people, who report an expenditure of energy, so it could be advisable to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of family respite programmes. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Pessoas com Deficiência/psicologia , Ajuda a Famílias com Filhos Dependentes , Estudos sobre Deficiências , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , Inquéritos e Questionários , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Transversais , Financiamento Governamental
7.
Copenhagen; World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe; 2023-10. (WHO/EURO:2023-7262-47028-68730).
em Inglês | WHO IRIS | ID: who-373589

RESUMO

This publication describes the results of the Model Disability Survey conducted in Georgia in 2022, on a sampleof 2298 adults and 705 children. The survey provided information on the health status, prevalence, distributionand degree of disability, well-being, capacity, environmental barriers and facilitators, and met and unmet needsfor assistive technology and health-care services for the population in Georgia. Results of the survey suggestedthe need for actions targeting women and elderly people and improving the economic situation of persons withdisabilities, as well as improving access to appropriate health-care and assistive products.


Assuntos
Pessoas com Deficiência , Estudos sobre Deficiências , República da Geórgia , Serviços de Saúde para Pessoas com Deficiência , Inquéritos e Questionários
9.
Sociol Health Illn ; 45(6): 1300-1316, 2023 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36917517

RESUMO

This paper draws attention to the health-related work that disabled people do when engaging with rehabilitation services. Medical sociology has a rich history of looking at the 'illness work' that patients do, while disability studies scholars have explored the cultural value placed upon paid work and the effects on social status of being unable to work. Yet, a longstanding froideur between these two disciplines, which have fundamentally opposed ontologies of illness and disability, means that neither discipline has attended closely to the rehabilitation-related work that disabled people do. The concept of 'adjusting' to illness highlights seemingly irreconcilable disciplinary differences. Yet this article argues that the notion of 'adjustment work' can elucidate the socio-political character of the work disabled people do in their rehabilitation, which could create a more substantial and sustainable dialogue on this subject between disability studies and medical sociology. To make this case, we discuss interview data from the Rights-based Rehabilitation project, which sought to explore disabled people's lived experiences of rehabilitation.


Assuntos
Pessoas com Deficiência , Medicina , Humanos , Sociologia Médica , Estudos sobre Deficiências , Pessoas com Deficiência/reabilitação
10.
Sociol Health Illn ; 45(6): 1146-1163, 2023 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35543112

RESUMO

This paper explores the potential of the perspective of epistemic injustice to reconcile medical sociology's attention to the micro level of experience and interpersonal exchange, and disability studies' focus on the macro level of oppressive structures. The first part of the paper provides an overview of the concept of epistemic injustice and its key instances-testimonial, hermeneutical, and contributory injustice. We also consider previous applications of the concept in the fields of health care and disability, and we contextualise our investigation by discussing key features of postsocialism from the perspective of epistemic injustice. In the second part, we explore specific epistemic injustices experienced by people who use disability support by drawing on interviews and focus groups conducted with parents of disabled children in present-day Bulgaria. In our conclusion, we revisit our methodological and theoretical points about the potential of epistemic injustice to facilitate mutually beneficial exchanges between medical sociology and disability studies.


Assuntos
Pessoas com Deficiência , Transtornos Mentais , Criança , Humanos , Sociologia Médica , Estudos sobre Deficiências , Atenção à Saúde
11.
Sociol Health Illn ; 45(6): 1276-1299, 2023 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36065126

RESUMO

This article focuses on the workplace as a significant site of convergence between the disciplines of medical sociology and disability studies. As disability remains on the margins of sociological exploration and theorising relating to health and work, disabled workers remain on the margins of the workforce, subject to disproportionate rates of unemployment, under employment and workplace mistreatment. The article focuses on the experiences of people with 'leaky bodies', focussing specifically on employees who experience troubling menstruation and/or have gynaecological health conditions. It brings together data from three studies conducted between 2017 and 2020; interviews with disabled academics (n = 75), university staff with gynaecological health conditions (n = 23), and key stakeholders in universities (n = 36) (including university executives, line managers and human resources staff). These studies had separate, but linked foci, on the inaccessibility of workplaces, managing gynaecological health conditions at work and supporting disabled people at work respectively. Drawing on the Social Relational Model of disability and theories of embodiment, we explore the experiences and management of workers with leaky bodies in UK University workplaces. Data illustrates how workplace practices undermine embodied experiences of workers with 'leaky' bodies by maintaining workplaces which ignore their material reality. We highlight that addressing embodied needs alongside acknowledging disabled people as an oppressed political category represents a theoretical meeting point for disability studies and medical sociology.


Assuntos
Pessoas com Deficiência , Sociologia Médica , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos sobre Deficiências , Local de Trabalho , Emprego
12.
Копенгаген; Всесвітня організація охорони здоров’я. Європейське регіональне бюро; 2023. (WHO/EURO:2023-7099-46865-68524).
em Ucraniano | WHO IRIS | ID: who-366377

RESUMO

З початку широкомасштабного вторгнення в Україну Російської Федерації, яке розпочалось в лютому 2022 р., потреба в реабілітації та допоміжних технологіях стала край значною, як ніколи. В той же час ВООЗ має зобов’язання щодо захисту найбільш вразливих верств населення, зокрема осіб з обмеженнями життєдіяльності. Оскільки ВООЗ вже підтримувала Україну щодо розвитку її реабілітаційних послуг протягом кількох років, вона надала відповідь негайно. Технічну місію було проведено в липні 2022 р. для оцінювання ситуації та вимог щодо реабілітації та допоміжних технологій, включно для осіб з обмеженнями життєдіяльності. Звіт підсумовує висновки та рекомендації місії для сприяння спільному, ефективному та інклюзивному реагуванню.


Assuntos
Estudos sobre Deficiências , Reabilitação , Tecnologia , Ucrânia
13.
Copenhagen; World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe; 2023. (WHO/EURO:2023-7099-46865-68337).
em Inglês | WHO IRIS | ID: who-366376

RESUMO

Since the large-scale invasion of Ukraine by the Russian Federation, which began in February 2022, the need for rehabilitation and assistive technology has arguably never been greater, while WHO has a duty to protect the most vulnerable, including persons with disabilities. As WHO has been supporting Ukraine in development of its rehabilitation services for a number of years, it was able to respond immediately. A technical mission was undertaken in July 2022 to assess the situation and requirements for rehabilitation and assistive technology, including for people with disabilities. This report summarizes the findings and action points from the mission to contribute to and support a collaborative, effective, inclusive response.


Assuntos
Estudos sobre Deficiências , Reabilitação , Tecnologia , Ucrânia
14.
Adicciones (Palma de Mallorca) ; 35(2): 177-184, 2023. tab
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-222458

RESUMO

El uso problemático de internet (UPI) entre las personas con discapacidadha recibido muy poca atención en la literatura científica. El objetivo de estetrabajo es estudiar el UPI entre los estudiantes universitarios españoles condiscapacidad, y si se relaciona con malestar y problemas psicológicos. En elestudio participaron 432 universitarios españoles con discapacidad de seisuniversidades (35 %: discapacidad motora, 22,7 %: discapacidad sensorialy 42,1 %: otras discapacidades, excluyendo la discapacidad psíquicao intelectual). El UPI se evaluó mediante el Test de Adicción a Internet(IAT), mientras que los problemas psicológicos se evaluaron mediante elcuestionario Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation-Outcome Measure(CORE-OM). La prevalencia del UPI fue del 6,3 %, y no hubo diferenciasestadísticamente significativas por sexo, tipo de discapacidad o estudios. Síhubo diferencias en función de la edad (< 22 mostraron una prevalencia 5veces mayor), origen de la discapacidad (discapacidad congénita mostraronuna prevalencia 3,7 veces mayor) y tipo principal de uso (recreativo). Laprevalencia de problemas psicológicos es significativamente mayor entre losusuarios problemáticos de Internet, en todas las dimensiones medidas porel CORE-OM (problemas psicológicos, bienestar subjetivo, funcionamientogeneral y riesgo de autolesión y de daño a otros). En conclusión, los estudiantesuniversitarios con discapacidad desde el nacimiento (independientementedel tipo de discapacidad y del sexo), menores de 22 años y que utilizanInternet principalmente con fines recreativos y las redes sociales tienenmayor riesgo de sufrir trastornos psicológicos y mayor vulnerabilidad aproblemas como ansiedad y dificultades en las relaciones sociales. (AU)


Problematic internet use (PIU) among people with disabilities has receivedvery little attention in scientific literature. The objective of this work isto study PIU among Spanish university students with disabilities, anddetermine whether it is related to the presence of psychological problemsand discomfort. A total of 432 Spanish university students with disabilitiesfrom six universities participated in the study (35% motor disability, 22.7%sensory disability and 42.1% other disabilities, excluding psychical orintellectual disability). PIU in the sample was assessed using the InternetAddiction Test (IAT), while psychological problems were assessed usingthe Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation-Outcome Measure (COREOM). PIU prevalence was 6.3%, and significant differences were foundby age (< 22 had a PIU prevalence five times higher), onset of disability(prevalence was 3.7 times higher in those with congenital disability) andmain type of internet use (recreational). There were no differences by sex,level of education or type of disability. In all the dimensions measured byCORE-OM (psychological problems, subjective well-being, life functioningand risk of self-harm and harm to others), the prevalence of psychologicalproblems was significantly higher among problematic internet users. Inconclusion, university students who are disabled from birth (regardless oftheir type of disability and sex), under the age of 22, and use the internetmainly for social networking and recreational purposes are at greater risk ofpsychological distress and are more vulnerable to problems like anxiety anddifficulties with social relationships. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Estudos sobre Deficiências , Internet , Estudantes/psicologia , e-Acessibilidade
15.
Sanid. mil ; 78(3): 151-158, septiembre 2022. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-214635

RESUMO

Antecedentes y objetivo: La concepción actual de la discapacidad, donde las características físicas de una persona son contempladas en su interacción con el entorno, requiere de estudios actitudinales de la población que faciliten la identificación de las barreras que limitan el ejercicio de los derechos en igualdad de oportunidades para las personas con discapacidad en contextos profesionales. El objetivo principal del estudio ha sido el diseño, construcción y validación de un instrumento de evaluación de las actitudes hacia la discapacidad en personal militar.Método:En el estudio han participado 204 militares de diferentes empleos y escalas, donde un 11,76 % fueron mujeres y un 88,24 % hombres. El desarrollo del trabajo estuvo dividido en dos fases. En la primera fase, se construye la escala y se somete a juicio de expertos analizando la concordancia entre los mismos con el fin de valorar la validez de contenido del cuestionario. En la segunda fase, se valoran las cualidades psicométricas de fiabilidad y validez (constructo y concurrente) de la escala.Resultados:Los resultados obtenidos reflejan propiedades psicométricas adecuadas y ajustadas del instrumento. En el análisis de la fiabilidad se observa que, tanto la escala en su conjunto (.87), como las dos subescalas que la conforman (.88 y .89), presentan una adecuada consistencia interna. En los análisis exploratorio y confirmatorio realizados, se obtiene un modelo con una solución de dos factores cuyos datos de bondad de ajuste (NFI = 0.94, GFI = 0.94, CFI = .97, RMSEA = .06 (IC 90 % = .048 - .070), RMR estandarizado = .091) garantizan una adecuada validez de constructo. Asimismo, se observa una adecuada validez concurrente (.76; p< .01).Conclusiones:Se concluye el uso justificado y óptimo del instrumento para la evaluación de las actitudes hacia la discapacidad en personal militar. (AU)


Background and objective: Currently, the conception of disability considers the physical characteristics of the person in their interaction with the environment. This understanding makes it necessary for the development of attitudinal studies of the population that facilitate the identification of barriers that limit the exercise of people with disabilities’ rights in equal opportunities in the professional field. The main objective of the study was the design, construction, and validation of an instrument to assess attitudes towards disability in the Armed Forces.Method:204 soldiers of different positions and scales participated in the study, where 11.76 % were women and 88.24 % were men. The study was divided into two phases. In the first phase, the scale was constructed and evaluated by a group of experts. The concordance between them was also analyzed in order to evaluate the validity of the content of the questionnaire. In a second phase, the psychometric qualities of reliability and validity (construct and concurrent) of the scale were evaluated.Results:The results obtained reflect appropriate psychometric properties adjusted to the instrument. The reliability analysis, shows that both, the scale as a whole (.87), and the two subscales that make it up(.88 and .89), present adequate internal consistency. In the exploratory and confirmatory analyses performed, it is obtained a model with a two-factor solution. Its goodness-of-fit data (NFI = 0.94, GFI = 0.94, CFI = .97, RMSEA = .06 (90 % CI = .048 - .070), standardized RMR = .091) guarantee adequate construct validity. Likewise, an appropriate concurrent validity is observed (.76; p<.01).Conclusions:In conclusion, the use of the instrument for the evaluation of attitudes towards disability in the Armed Forces is justified and optimal. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Estudos sobre Deficiências , Veteranos , 51708
16.
Med Humanit ; 48(2): 169-176, 2022 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35501122

RESUMO

This article puts critical disability studies and global health into conversation around the phenomenon of scarf injury in Bangladesh. Scarf injury occurs when a woman wearing a long, traditional scarf called an orna rides in a recently introduced autorickshaw with a design flaw that allows the orna to become entangled in the vehicle's driveshaft. Caught in the engine, the orna pulls the woman's neck into hyperextension, causing a debilitating high cervical spinal cord injury and quadriplegia. The circumstances of the scarf injury reveal the need for more critical cultural analysis than the fields of global health and rehabilitation typically offer. First, the fatal design flaw of the vehicle reflects different norms of gender and dress in China, where the vehicle is manufactured, versus Bangladesh, where the vehicle is purchased at a low price and assembled on-site-a situation that calls transnational capitalist modes of production and exchange into question. Second, the experiences of women with scarf injuries entail many challenges beyond the injury itself: the transition to life with disability following the rehabilitation period is made more difficult by negative perceptions of disability, lack of resources and accessible infrastructure, and cultural norms of gender and class in Bangladesh. Our cross-disciplinary conversation about women with scarf injuries, involving critical disability studies, global health and rehabilitation experts, exposes the shortcomings of each of these fields but also illustrates the urgent need for deeper and more purposeful collaborations. We, therefore, argue that the developing subfield of global health humanities should include purposeful integration of a humanities-based critical disability studies methodology.


Assuntos
Estudos sobre Deficiências , Pessoas com Deficiência , Bangladesh , Feminino , Saúde Global , Ciências Humanas , Humanos
17.
An. sist. sanit. Navar ; 45(1): e0979, enero-abril 2022. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-202912

RESUMO

Fundamento. El ictus es la segunda causa de muerte y la primera causa de discapacidad en Europa. El número de pacientes con ictus muestra una tendencia de crecimiento rápido debido al aumento de la población anciana. El objetivo de este metaanálisis es estimar la prevalencia e incidencia de ictus en Europa. Método. Se buscaron artículos en las bases de datos MEDLINE, SCOPUS, CINAHL Complete y EMBASE con los términos “stroke”, “cerebrovascular accident” combinadas con “epidemiology”, “prevalence”, “incidence” y “Europe”. La calidad y el riesgo de sesgo se analizó con las escalas Hoy modificada y Newcastle Ottawa para los artículos de prevalencia e incidencia, respectivamente. El metaanálisis utilizó un modelo de efectos aleatorios con intervalos de confianza del 95% (IC95%) y el estadístico I2 para estimar la heterogeneidad. Resultados. La prevalencia de ictus en Europa ajustada por sexo fue 9,2% (IC95%: 4,4-14,0); en hombres fue 9,1% (IC95%: 4,7-16,6) y en mujeres 9,2% (IC95%: 4,1-14,4); se encontró una tendencia creciente con el aumento de la edad. La incidencia de ictus ajustada por sexo fue 191,9 por 100.000 personas-año (IC95%: 156,4-227,3); en hombres fue de 195,7 por 100.000 personas-año (IC95%: 142,4-249,0) y en mujeres 188,1 por 100.000 personas-año (IC95%: 138,6-237,7), con igual tendencia creciente con el aumento de la edad. Conclusiones. La prevalencia de ictus en Europa alcanza un 9,2%. La incidencia se sitúa en 191,9 por 100.000 personas-año. La prevalencia de ictus ha aumentado mientras que la incidencia se mantiene estable en comparación con estudios realizados a comienzos del siglo XXI.(AU)


Background. Stroke is the second cause of death and the first cause of disability in Europe. The number of stroke patients shows a rapidly increasing due to the increase in the elderly population. The aim of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the prevalence and incidence of stroke in Europe. Method. We conducted a literature search in MEDLINE, SCOPUS, CINAHL Complete and EMBASE, using the keywords “stroke”, “cerebrovascular accident”, “epidemiology”, “prevalence”, “incidence” and “Europe”. In order to evaluate the quality and risk of bias, we used the Hoy’s modified scale for prevalence studies and the Newcastle Ottawa Scale for incidence studies. A random effects model with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) was used for the meta-analysis. The I2 statistic was applied to assess heterogeneity. Results. The prevalence of stroke in Europe adjusted for sex was estimated at 9.2% (95%CI: 4.4-14.0). The prevalence was 9.1% (95%CI: 4.7-13.6) in men and 9.2% (95%CI: 4.1-14.4) in women, and increased with age. The incidence of stroke in Europe adjusted for sex was 191.9 per 100,000 person-years (95%CI: 156.4-227.3); it was 195.7 per 100,000 person-years (95%CI: 142.4-249.0) in men and 188.1 per 100,000 person-years (95%CI: 138.6-237.7) in women. Again, these rates increased with age. Conclusion. The prevalence of stroke in Europe is 9.2%. The incidence of stroke in Europe is 191.9 per 100000 person-years. The prevalence of stroke has increased, whereas the incidence of stroke is stable in comparison with studies conducted at the beginning of the 21st century.(AU)


Assuntos
Ciências da Saúde , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Morte , Estudos sobre Deficiências , Epidemiologia
19.
Sportis (A Coruña) ; 8(1): 40-59, Ene. 2022. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-207461

RESUMO

Los niños y niñas con discapacidad visual padecen retrasos en el desarrollo motor. La intervención y estimulación motriz desde la primera infancia puede atenuar el déficit motor y contribuir a un estilo de vida más activo. El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar y analizar la bibliografía existente sobre aquellos factores que pueden influir en el desarrollo de la motricidad gruesa en niños y niñas de 0 a 12 años con discapacidad visual o ceguera. Para ello, se realizó una búsqueda en tres bases de datos referentes (PubMed, Scopus y SPORTDiscus), siguiendo las pautas de la declaración PRISMA para revisiones. De los 130 artículos seleccionados en la revisión, se incluyeron 18 para el análisis cualitativo. Las evidencias encontradas se relacionan en tres bloques de resultados: 1) la influencia del grado de visión con la adquisición de las habilidades motrices gruesas, 2) la retroalimentación es un elemento favorecedor en las personas con déficit visual en la consecución de estas habilidades y la atenuación de la diferencia con los normo-videntes y 3) el nivel de competencia motriz y la práctica de actividad física y su relación con la adherencia a un estilo de vida activo. Se encontró una relación negativa entre la discapacidad visual y el desarrollo de la motricidad gruesa, con lo que contribuye a generar estilos de vida inactiva entre esta población. El uso de mecanismos de retroalimentación, una evaluación temprana del desarrollo motriz e intervenciones adaptadas desde la infancia, podrían mejorar la situación. (AU)


Children with visual impairment have delays in motor development. Intervention and motor stimulation since early childhood can attenuate motor deficits and contribute to a more active lifestyle. The aim of this researchis to identify and analyze the existing bibliography on factors that can influence the development of gross motor skills in boys and girls from 0 to12 years old with visual impairment or blindness. To do this, a search was carried out in three reference databases (PubMed, Scopus and Sportdiscus), following the guidelines of the PRISMA declaration for reviews. Out of the 130 articles selected in the review of the topic, 18 were included for the qualitative analysis. The evidence found can be related to three blocks of results: 1) the degree of vision has an influence in the acquisition of gross motor skills, 2) receiving feedback works favorably for people with visual impairments, in the achievement of these skills, as it reduces the gap with normo-sighted people and 3) the level of motor competence and the practice of physical activity are directly linked to a steadily active lifestyle. A negative relationship was found between visual impairment and gross motor development, which contributes to generating inactive lifestyles among this population. The use of feedback mechanisms, an early assessment of motor development and interventions adapted from infancy, could improve the situation. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Crianças com Deficiência , Educação de Pessoas com Deficiência Visual , Estudos sobre Deficiências , Cegueira , Destreza Motora , Criança
20.
Sportis (A Coruña) ; 8(1): 60-80, Ene. 2022. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-207462

RESUMO

La aceptación del grupo de iguales es uno de los facilitadores para lograr la inclusión del alumnado con discapacidad y la Educación Física es una de las áreas más adecuadas para favorecer las actitudes positivas del grupo. Este trabajo presenta una propuesta didáctica de juegos cooperativos-sensibilizadores en Educación Física en la etapa de Educación Primaria. El objetivo principal de esta propuesta es analizar el efecto de la primera puesta en práctica de este tipo de juegos en las actitudes hacia la discapacidad de los participantes, además de analizar las barreras y facilitadores de su puesta en práctica. Se desarrolla con 51 alumnos de quinto curso de Educación Primaria. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la práctica de una serie de juegos cooperativos-sensibilizadores consigue que los participantes mejoren sus actitudes hacia la discapacidad en Educación Física. Entre los principales facilitadores destacan la valoración de capacidades y la empatía, mientras que el miedo del alumnado se ha identificado como la principal barrera. Se concluye que esta propuesta de juegos cooperativos-sensibilizadores puede resultar útil para sensibilizar hacia la discapacidad en Educación Física en Educación Primaria. (AU)


The acceptance of peers is one of the facilitators to achieve the inclusion of students with disabilities and Physical Education is one of the most appropriate areas to promote positive attitudes. This work presents a didactic proposal of cooperative-sensitizing games in Physical Education in Primary Education. The main objective of this proposal is to analyse the effect of the first implementation of this type of games on the attitudes towards disability, and to analysing the barriers and facilitators of its implementation. It is developed with 51 students in the fifth year of Primary Education. The results obtained show that the practice of a series of cooperative-sensitizing games achieves that the participants improve their attitudes towards disability in Physical Education. Among the main facilitators, the assessment of capacities and empathy stand out, while the fear of the students has been identified as the main barrier. It is concluded that this proposal of cooperative-sensitizing games can be useful to sensitize towards disability in Physical Education in Primary Education. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Crianças com Deficiência , Esportes para Pessoas com Deficiência , Estudos sobre Deficiências , 28574 , Educação Física e Treinamento , Ensino Fundamental e Médio
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